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An inverse association of cardiovascular risk and frontal lobe glucose metabolism

From the Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (B.K., W.J.); the Department of Neurology (H.C.C.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles; and University of California, Davis, Alzheimer’s Center and Northern California Veterans Affairs Health Care System (B.R.).

Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Beth Kuczynski, University of California, Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, 118 Barker Hall MC 3190, Berkeley, CA 94720 beth.kuczynski{at}gmail.com

Objective: To investigate associations between vascular risk profile and cerebral glucose metabolism.

Methods: Subjects ranged from normal to having dementia (age >55 years) and underwent neuropsychological testing, MRI, and FDG PET scanning (n = 58). The Framingham Cardiovascular Risk Profile (FCRP) and its individual components were used as covariates in regression analyses with each PET scan using SPM2.

Results: Analyses revealed broad areas of the frontal lobe in which higher FCRP was associated with lower normalized glucose metabolism including the superior medial frontal, superior frontal and superior orbital frontal cortex and the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex. Significant associations were predominately found in the left hemisphere. Independent component analyses revealed interesting regions but further confirm the relevance of the integrative measure of coronary risk.

Conclusions: Although the mechanism of this association bears further investigation, this finding provides further evidence that vascular risk factors have malignant effects on the brain, particularly in the prefrontal cortex.

2D = two-dimensional; AD = Alzheimer disease; CDR = Clinical Dementia Rating; CIND = cognitively impaired not demented; CVD = cerebrovascular disease; FCRP = Framingham Cardiovascular Risk Profile; FDG = fluorodeoxyglucose; FWHM = full-width, half-maximum; MDT2 = minimal deformation template; MMSE = Mini-Mental State Examination; MNI = Montreal Neurologic Institute; TE = echo time; TR = repetition time.

Supplemental data at www.neurology.org

Supported by the National Institute on Aging AG12435.

Disclosure: The authors report no disclosures.

Received June 20, 2008. Accepted in final form November 13, 2008.

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