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Dietary fatty acids and the risk of Parkinson disease

The Rotterdam Study

From the Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Drs. de Lau, Bornebroek, Witteman, Hofman, and Breteler) and Neurology (Drs. de Lau and Koudstaal), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.

Address correspondence and reprint requests to DrB. Breteler, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Erasmus Medical Center, PO Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, the Netherlands; e-mail: m.breteler{at}erasmusmc.nl

Background: Unsaturated fatty acids are important constituents of neuronal cell membranes and have neuroprotective, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties.

Objective: To determine if a high intake of unsaturated fatty acids might be associated with a lower risk of Parkinson disease (PD).

Methods: In the Rotterdam Study, a prospective population-based cohort study of people ages 55, the association between intake of unsaturated fatty acids and the risk of incident PD was evaluated among 5,289 subjects who were free of dementia and parkinsonism and underwent complete dietary assessment at baseline. PD was assessed through repeated in-person examination, and the cohort was continuously monitored by computer linkage to medical records. The data were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards regression models.

Results: After a mean follow-up of 6.0 years, 51 participants with incident PD were identified. Intakes of total fat, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were significantly associated with a lower risk of PD, with an adjusted hazard ratio per SD increase of energy-adjusted intake of 0.69 (95% CI 0.52 to 0.91) for total fat, of 0.68 (95% CI 0.50 to 0.94) for MUFAs, and 0.66 (95% CI 0.46 to 0.96) for PUFAs. No associations were found for dietary saturated fat, cholesterol, or trans-fat.

Conclusion: These findings suggest that high intake of unsaturated fatty acids might protect against Parkinson disease.

Supported by a grant from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (015.000.083). The Rotterdam Study is supported by the Erasmus Medical Center and Erasmus University Rotterdam, the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NOW), the Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development (ZonMw), the Research Institute for Diseases in the Elderly (RIDE), the Ministry of Education, Culture and Science, the Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sports, the European Commission (DG XII), and the Municipality of Rotterdam.

Received December 8, 2004. Accepted in final form March 7, 2005.

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