Neurology 2002;58:1501-1504
© 2002 American Academy of Neurology
Increased risk of Parkinson’s disease after depression
A retrospective cohort study
A. G. Schuurman, PhD,
M. van den Akker, PhD,
K. T.J.L. Ensinck, MSc,
J. F.M. Metsemakers, MD PhD,
J. A. Knottnerus, MD PhD,
A. F.G. Leentjens, MD and
F. Buntinx, MD PhD
From the Department of General Practice (Drs. Schuurman, van den Akker, Metsemakers, Knottnerus, and Buntinx, and K.T.J.L. Ensinck), Maastricht University, and Department of Psychiatry (Dr. Leentjens), Maastricht University Hospital, the Netherlands; and Department of General Practice (Dr. Buntinx), University of Leuven, Belgium.
Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Marjan van den Akker, Department of General Practice, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands; e-mail: marjan.vandenakker{at}hag.unimaas.nl
Background: Depression has been linked to the occurrence of a number of somatic diseases. There are no data for PD.
Objective: To determine if depression is associated with a subsequent risk for PD.
Methods: A retrospective cohort study design based in general practice was applied. All subjects diagnosed with depression between 1975 and 1990 were included and matched with subjects with the same birth year who were never diagnosed with depression. Follow-up ended at April 30, 2000. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% CI were calculated using Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for age, sex, and socioeconomic status. Subgroups based on sex and age at diagnosis of depression were evaluated separately.
Results: Among the 1,358 depressed subjects, 19 developed PD, and among the 67,570 nondepressed subjects, 259 developed PD. The HR (95% CI) for depressed vs nondepressed subjects was 3.13 (1.95 to 5.01) in multivariable analysis. Associations in subgroups were comparable with the overall association.
Conclusion: A strong positive association was found between depression and subsequent incidence of D.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
|
|
 
A Alonso, L A G. Rodriguez, G Logroscino, and M A Hernan
Use of antidepressants and the risk of Parkinson's disease: a prospective study
J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry,
June 1, 2009;
80(6):
671 - 674.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Tolosa, C. Gaig, J. Santamaria, and Y. Compta
Diagnosis and the premotor phase of Parkinson disease
Neurology,
February 17, 2009;
72(7_Supplement_2):
S12 - S20.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S.-Y. Lim, S. H. Fox, and A. E. Lang
Overview of the Extranigral Aspects of Parkinson Disease
Arch Neurol,
February 1, 2009;
66(2):
167 - 172.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
F D Dick, G De Palma, A Ahmadi, N W Scott, G J Prescott, J Bennett, S Semple, S Dick, C Counsell, P Mozzoni, et al.
Environmental risk factors for Parkinson's disease and parkinsonism: the Geoparkinson study
Occup. Environ. Med.,
October 1, 2007;
64(10):
666 - 672.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
U. Walter, J. Hoeppner, L. Prudente-Morrissey, S. Horowski, S. C. Herpertz, and R. Benecke
Parkinson's disease-like midbrain sonography abnormalities are frequent in depressive disorders
Brain,
July 1, 2007;
130(7):
1799 - 1807.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M Brandt-Christensen, K Kvist, F M Nilsson, P K Andersen, and L V Kessing
Treatment with antidepressants and lithium is associated with increased risk of treatment with antiparkinson drugs: a pharmacoepidemiological study.
J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry,
June 1, 2006;
77(6):
781 - 783.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Chen, E. Schernhammer, M. A. Schwarzschild, and A. Ascherio
A Prospective Study of Night Shift Work, Sleep Duration, and Risk of Parkinson's Disease
Am. J. Epidemiol.,
April 15, 2006;
163(8):
726 - 730.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A H Evans, A D Lawrence, J Potts, L MacGregor, R Katzenschlager, K Shaw, J Zijlmans, and A J Lees
Relationship between impulsive sensation seeking traits, smoking, alcohol and caffeine intake, and Parkinson's disease.
J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry,
March 1, 2006;
77(3):
317 - 321.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M Karpansalo, J Kauhanen, T A Lakka, P Manninen, G A Kaplan, and J T Salonen
Depression and early retirement: prospective population based study in middle aged men
J Epidemiol Community Health,
January 1, 2005;
59(1):
70 - 74.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. F. G. Leentjens
Depression in Parkinson's Disease: Conceptual Issues and Clinical Challenges
J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol,
September 1, 2004;
17(3):
120 - 126.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A.H. V. Schapira
Disease-modifying strategies and challenges in PD: Interactive breakout sessions
Neurology,
September 23, 2003;
61(90063):
S56 - 63.
[Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Weintraub, P. J. Moberg, J. E. Duda, I. R. Katz, and M. B. Stern
Recognition and Treatment of Depression in Parkinson's Disease
J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol,
September 1, 2003;
16(3):
178 - 183.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. T. J. L. Ensinck, A. G. Schuurman, M. van den Akker, J. F. M. Metsemakers, A. D. M. Kester, J. A. Knottnerus, and F. Buntinx
Is There an Increased Risk of Dying after Depression?
Am. J. Epidemiol.,
December 1, 2002;
156(11):
1043 - 1048.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
Correspondence:
Read all Correspondence
- Depression as a risk factor for Parkinson's disease?
- Flemming M. Nilsson, et al.
- Neurology Online, 27 Jun 2002
[Full text]
- Reply from Dr. van den Akker et al
- Marjan van den Akker, et al.
- Neurology Online, 8 Jul 2002
[Full text]
|
