HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS		QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

This Article Figures Only Full Text Full Text (PDF) Correspondence: Submit a response Alert me when this article is cited Alert me when Correspondence are posted Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Huang, W. Articles by Schapiro, M. B. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Huang, W. Articles by Schapiro, M. B. Related Collections MRS All Neuropsychology/Behavior Alzheimer's disease

Brain metabolite concentration and dementia severity in Alzheimer’s disease

A ¹H MRS study

From the Section of Brain Physiology (Drs. Shetty, Rapoport, and L. Chang), National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Radiology (Dr. Huang), State University of New York at Stony Brook; Arizona Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center and Department of Psychology (Dr. Alexander), Arizona State University, Tempe; Department of Psychiatry (Dr. Krasuski), University of Illinois at Chicago; and Division of Neurology (Dr. Schapiro), Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH.

Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Mark B. Schapiro, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH.

Objective:— ¹H-MRS studies have shown abnormalities in brain levels of myo-inositol (mI) and N-acetyl aspartate (NAA) in AD, but the relation of these abnormalities with dementia severity was not examined. The authors sought to determine whether altered brain levels of mI and other metabolites occur in mild AD and whether they change as dementia severity worsens.

Methods:— The authors used ¹H-MRS with external standards to measure absolute brain concentrations of mI, NAA, total creatine (Cr), and choline (Cho)-containing compounds in 21 subjects with AD and 17 age- and sex-matched controls in occipital and left and right parietal regions.

Results:— Concentrations of NAA were significantly decreased, whereas mI and Cr concentrations were significantly increased in all three brain regions in subjects with AD compared with controls. Higher concentrations of mI and Cr occurred even in mild AD. A discriminant analysis of the ¹H-MRS data combined with CSF volume measurements distinguished subjects with AD, ranging from mild to severe dementia, from controls with 100% correct classification. NAA concentration, though not other metabolites, was positively correlated with Mini-Mental State Examination score.

Conclusion:— The measurements with ¹H-MRS of absolute metabolite concentrations in the neocortex showed abnormal concentrations of brain metabolites in AD; these metabolite concentrations do not necessarily correlate with disease severity. Although changes in myo-inositol and creatine occur in the early stages of AD, abnormalities of N-acetyl aspartate do not occur in mild AD but progressively change with dementia severity. Further, subjects with mild AD can be differentiated from controls with ¹H-MRS.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				N. Ghenimi, M.-C. Beauvieux, M. Biran, V. Pallet, P. Higueret, and J.-L. Gallis Vitamin A Deficiency in Rats Induces Anatomic and Metabolic Changes Comparable with Those of Neurodegenerative Disorders J. Nutr., April 1, 2009; 139(4): 696 - 702. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. Kantarci, D. S. Knopman, D. W. Dickson, J. E. Parisi, J. L. Whitwell, S. D. Weigand, K. A. Josephs, B. F. Boeve, R. C. Petersen, and C. R. Jack Jr Alzheimer Disease: Postmortem Neuropathologic Correlates of Antemortem 1H MR Spectroscopy Metabolite Measurements Radiology, July 1, 2008; 248(1): 210 - 220. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K KANTARCI 1H Magnetic resonance spectroscopy in dementia Br. J. Radiol., December 1, 2007; 80(Special_Issue_2): S146 - S152. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. den Heijer, P. E. Sijens, N. D. Prins, A. Hofman, P. J. Koudstaal, M. Oudkerk, and M.M.B. Breteler MR spectroscopy of brain white matter in the prediction of dementia Neurology, February 28, 2006; 66(4): 540 - 544. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Gallant, M. Rak, A. Szeghalmi, M. R. Del Bigio, D. Westaway, J. Yang, R. Julian, and K. M. Gough Focally Elevated Creatine Detected in Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) Transgenic Mice and Alzheimer Disease Brain Tissue J. Biol. Chem., January 6, 2006; 281(1): 5 - 8. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. R. Lentz, J. P. Kim, S. V. Westmoreland, J. B. Greco, R. A. Fuller, E. M. Ratai, J. He, P. K. Sehgal, E. F. Halpern, A. A. Lackner, et al. Quantitative Neuropathologic Correlates of Changes in Ratio of N-acetylaspartate to Creatine in Macaque Brain Radiology, May 1, 2005; 235(2): 461 - 468. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. P. Kim, M. R. Lentz, S. V. Westmoreland, J. B. Greco, E. M. Ratai, E. Halpern, A. A. Lackner, E. Masliah, and R. G. Gonzalez Relationships between Astrogliosis and 1H MR Spectroscopic Measures of Brain Choline/Creatine and Myo-Inositol/Creatine in a Primate Model AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol., April 1, 2005; 26(4): 752 - 759. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. Kantarci, R. C. Petersen, B. F. Boeve, D. S. Knopman, D. F. Tang-Wai, P. C. O'Brien, S. D. Weigand, S. D. Edland, G. E. Smith, R. J. Ivnik, et al. 1H MR spectroscopy in common dementias Neurology, October 26, 2004; 63(8): 1393 - 1398. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. M. Dixon, K. M. Bradley, M. M. Budge, P. Styles, and A. D. Smith Longitudinal quantitative proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the hippocampus in Alzheimer's disease Brain, October 1, 2002; 125(10): 2332 - 2341. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]