Neurology
HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced]


     

This Article
Right arrow Figures Only
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Correspondence:
Submit a response
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me when Correspondence are posted
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Right arrow Citation Map
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrow reprints & permissions
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Scarmeas, N.
Right arrow Articles by Stern, Y.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Scarmeas, N.
Right arrow Articles by Stern, Y.
Related Collections
Right arrow Alzheimer's disease
Right arrow Incidence studies
Neurology 2001;57:2236-2242
© 2001 American Academy of Neurology
Articles

Influence of leisure activity on the incidence of Alzheimer’s Disease

N. Scarmeas, MD, G. Levy, MD, M.-X. Tang, PhD, J. Manly, PhD and Y. Stern, PhD

From the Cognitive Neuroscience Division of the Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center (Drs. Levy, Tang, Manly, and Stern), the Department of Neurology (Drs. Scarmeas, Manly, and Stern) and Psychiatry (Dr. Stern), the Taub Institute for Research in Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain (Drs. Scarmeas, Tang, and Stern), and the Division of Biostatistics (Dr. Tang) in the School of Public Health, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY.

Address correspondence and reprint requests to Yaakov Stern, Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032; e-mail: ys11{at}columbia.edu

Objective: To determine whether leisure activities modify the risk for incident dementia.

Background: Although high educational and occupational attainments have been associated with reduced risk of incident dementia, the relation between leisure activities and dementia risk has not been adequately investigated.

Methods: A total of 1,772 nondemented individuals aged 65 years or older, living in northern Manhattan, New York, were identified and followed longitudinally in a community-based cohort incidence study. Subjects’ leisure activities at baseline were assessed, annual examinations with the same standardized neurologic and neuropsychological measures were performed for up to 7 years (mean 2.9 years), and incident dementia was assessed as the main outcome measure. Cox proportional hazards models, adjusting for age, ethnic group, education, and occupation, were used to estimate the relative risk (RR) of incident dementia associated with high leisure activities.

Results: Of the 1,772 subjects, 207 became demented. The risk of dementia was decreased in subjects with high leisure activities (RR, 0.62; 95% CI 0.46 to 0.83). The association of high leisure with decreased RR of incident dementia was present even when baseline cognitive performance, health limitations interfering with desired leisure activities, cerebrovascular disease, and depression were considered.

Conclusions: The data suggest that engagement in leisure activities may reduce the risk of incident dementia, possibly by providing a reserve that delays the onset of clinical manifestations of the disease.




This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 Arch Clin NeuropsycholHome page
X. Millet, N. Raoux, N. Le Carret, J. Bouisson, J.-F. Dartigues, and H. Amieva
Gender-related Differences in Visuospatial Memory Persist in Alzheimer's Disease
Arch Clin Neuropsychol, December 1, 2009; 24(8): 783 - 789.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc SciHome page
K. L. Siedlecki, O. Tatarina, L. Sanders, M. Albert, D. Blacker, B. Dubois, J. Brandt, and Y. Stern
Comparison of Patient and Caregiver Reports of Patient Activity Participation and Its Relationship to Mental Health in Patients With Alzheimer's Disease
J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci, November 1, 2009; 64B(6): 687 - 695.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 NeurologyHome page
T. N. Akbaraly, F. Portet, S. Fustinoni, J. -F. Dartigues, S. Artero, O. Rouaud, J. Touchon, K. Ritchie, and C. Berr
Leisure activities and the risk of dementia in the elderly: Results from the Three-City Study
Neurology, September 15, 2009; 73(11): 854 - 861.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 NeurologyHome page
S. P. Thawani, N. Schupf, and E. D. Louis
Essential tremor is associated with dementia: Prospective population-based study in New York
Neurology, August 25, 2009; 73(8): 621 - 625.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 JAMAHome page
N. Scarmeas, J. A. Luchsinger, N. Schupf, A. M. Brickman, S. Cosentino, M. X. Tang, and Y. Stern
Physical Activity, Diet, and Risk of Alzheimer Disease
JAMA, August 12, 2009; 302(6): 627 - 637.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 The GerontologistHome page
J. D. Edwards, C. Myers, L. A. Ross, D. L. Roenker, G. M. Cissell, A. M. McLaughlin, and K. K. Ball
The Longitudinal Impact of Cognitive Speed of Processing Training on Driving Mobility
Gerontologist, August 1, 2009; 49(4): 485 - 494.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Arch NeurolHome page
N. Scarmeas, Y. Stern, R. Mayeux, J. J. Manly, N. Schupf, and J. A. Luchsinger
Mediterranean Diet and Mild Cognitive Impairment
Arch Neurol, February 1, 2009; 66(2): 216 - 225.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical SciencesHome page
H. H. Dodge, Y. Kita, H. Takechi, T. Hayakawa, M. Ganguli, and H. Ueshima
Healthy Cognitive Aging and Leisure Activities Among the Oldest Old in Japan: Takashima Study
J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., November 1, 2008; 63(11): 1193 - 1200.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Epidemiol RevHome page
N. Coley, S. Andrieu, V. Gardette, S. Gillette-Guyonnet, C. Sanz, B. Vellas, and A. Grand
Dementia Prevention: Methodological Explanations for Inconsistent Results
Epidemiol. Rev., November 1, 2008; 30(1): 35 - 66.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 NeurologyHome page
G. Ravaglia, P. Forti, A. Lucicesare, N. Pisacane, E. Rietti, M. Bianchin, and E. Dalmonte
Physical activity and dementia risk in the elderly: Findings from a prospective Italian study
Neurology, May 6, 2008; 70(19_Part_2): 1786 - 1794.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Cereb CortexHome page
Y. Stern, E. Zarahn, C. Habeck, R. Holtzer, B. C. Rakitin, A. Kumar, J. Flynn, J. Steffener, and T. Brown
A Common Neural Network for Cognitive Reserve in Verbal and Object Working Memory in Young but not Old
Cereb Cortex, April 1, 2008; 18(4): 959 - 967.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 AssessmentHome page
V. M. Dotson, J. A. Schinka, L. M. Brown, J. A. Mortimer, and A. R. Borenstein
Characteristics of the Florida Cognitive Activities Scale in Older African Americans
Assessment, March 1, 2008; 15(1): 72 - 77.
[Abstract] [PDF]

Home page
 CMAJHome page
C. Patterson MD, J. W. Feightner MD MSc, A. Garcia MD PhD, G.-Y. R. Hsiung MD MHSc, C. MacKnight MD MSc, and A. D. Sadovnick PhD
Diagnosis and treatment of dementia: 1. Risk assessment and primary prevention of Alzheimer disease
Can. Med. Assoc. J., February 26, 2008; 178(5): 548 - 556.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Arch NeurolHome page
E. P. Helzner, N. Scarmeas, S. Cosentino, F. Portet, and Y. Stern
Leisure Activity and Cognitive Decline in Incident Alzheimer Disease
Arch Neurol, December 1, 2007; 64(12): 1749 - 1754.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 NeurologyHome page
R. S. Wilson, P. A. Scherr, J. A. Schneider, Y. Tang, and D. A. Bennett
Relation of cognitive activity to risk of developing Alzheimer disease
Neurology, November 13, 2007; 69(20): 1911 - 1920.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 NeurologyHome page
T. Ngandu, E. von Strauss, E. -L. Helkala, B. Winblad, A. Nissinen, J. Tuomilehto, H. Soininen, and M. Kivipelto
Education and dementia: What lies behind the association?
Neurology, October 2, 2007; 69(14): 1442 - 1450.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 NeurologyHome page
N. Scarmeas, J. A. Luchsinger, R. Mayeux, and Y. Stern
Mediterranean diet and Alzheimer disease mortality
Neurology, September 11, 2007; 69(11): 1084 - 1093.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social ScienceHome page
D. C. Park, A. H. Gutchess, M. L. Meade, and E. A. L. Stine-Morrow
Improving Cognitive Function in Older Adults: Nontraditional Approaches
J. Gerontol. B. Psychol. Sci. Soc. Sci., June 1, 2007; 62(suppl_Special_Issue_1): 45 - 52.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social ScienceHome page
G. W. Rebok, M. C. Carlson, and J. B. S. Langbaum
Training and Maintaining Memory Abilities in Healthy Older Adults: Traditional and Novel Approaches
J. Gerontol. B. Psychol. Sci. Soc. Sci., June 1, 2007; 62(suppl_Special_Issue_1): 53 - 61.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J Aging HealthHome page
A. Sumic, Y. L. Michael, N. E. Carlson, D. B. Howieson, and J. A. Kaye
Physical Activity and the Risk of Dementia in Oldest Old
J Aging Health, April 1, 2007; 19(2): 242 - 259.
[Abstract] [PDF]

Home page
 Arch Gen PsychiatryHome page
R. S. Wilson, K. R. Krueger, S. E. Arnold, J. A. Schneider, J. F. Kelly, L. L. Barnes, Y. Tang, and D. A. Bennett
Loneliness and Risk of Alzheimer Disease
Arch Gen Psychiatry, February 1, 2007; 64(2): 234 - 240.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social ScienceHome page
J. B. Boron, S. L. Willis, and K. W. Schaie
Cognitive Training Gain as a Predictor of Mental Status
J. Gerontol. B. Psychol. Sci. Soc. Sci., January 1, 2007; 62(1): P45 - P52.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Arch NeurolHome page
N. Scarmeas, Y. Stern, R. Mayeux, and J. A. Luchsinger
Mediterranean Diet, Alzheimer Disease, and Vascular Mediation
Arch Neurol, December 1, 2006; 63(12): 1709 - 1717.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Sci Aging Knowl EnvironHome page
S. Studenski, M. C. Carlson, H. Fillit, W. T. Greenough, A. Kramer, and G. W. Rebok
From Bedside to Bench: Does Mental and Physical Activity Promote Cognitive Vitality in Late Life?
Sci. Aging Knowl. Environ., June 28, 2006; 2006(10): pe21 - pe21.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

Home page
 NeurologyHome page
T. Rundek and D. A. Bennett
Cognitive leisure activities, but not watching TV, for future brain benefits
Neurology, March 28, 2006; 66(6): 794 - 795.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 NeurologyHome page
J.Y.J. Wang, D. H.D. Zhou, J. Li, M. Zhang, J. Deng, M. Tang, C. Gao, J. Li, Y. Lian, and M. Chen
Leisure activity and risk of cognitive impairment: The Chongqing aging study
Neurology, March 28, 2006; 66(6): 911 - 913.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurol. Neurosurg. PsychiatryHome page
N Scarmeas, S M Albert, J J Manly, and Y Stern
Education and rates of cognitive decline in incident Alzheimer's disease.
J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, March 1, 2006; 77(3): 308 - 316.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 AssessmentHome page
W. Van der Elst, M. P. J. Van Boxtel, G. J. P. Van Breukelen, and J. Jolles
The Stroop Color-Word Test: Influence of Age, Sex, and Education; and Normative Data for a Large Sample Across the Adult Age Range
Assessment, March 1, 2006; 13(1): 62 - 79.
[Abstract] [PDF]

Home page
 Am J EpidemiolHome page
J. S. Saczynski, L. A. Pfeifer, K. Masaki, E. S. C. Korf, D. Laurin, L. White, and L. J. Launer
The Effect of Social Engagement on Incident Dementia: The Honolulu-Asia Aging Study
Am. J. Epidemiol., March 1, 2006; 163(5): 433 - 440.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 ANN INTERN MEDHome page
L. J. Podewils and E. Guallar
Mens Sana in Corpore Sano
Ann Intern Med, January 17, 2006; 144(2): 135 - 136.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J Geriatr Psychiatry NeurolHome page
T. Fritsch, K. A. Smyth, S. M. Debanne, G. J. Petot, and R. P. Friedland
Participation in Novelty-Seeking Leisure Activities and Alzheimer's Disease
J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol, September 1, 2005; 18(3): 134 - 141.
[Abstract] [PDF]

Home page
 NeurologyHome page
T. R. Stoub, M. Bulgakova, S. Leurgans, D. A. Bennett, D. Fleischman, D. A. Turner, and L. deToledo-Morrell
MRI predictors of risk of incident Alzheimer disease: A longitudinal study
Neurology, May 10, 2005; 64(9): 1520 - 1524.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am J EpidemiolHome page
L. J. Podewils, E. Guallar, L. H. Kuller, L. P. Fried, O. L. Lopez, M. Carlson, and C. G. Lyketsos
Physical Activity, APOE Genotype, and Dementia Risk: Findings from the Cardiovascular Health Cognition Study
Am. J. Epidemiol., April 1, 2005; 161(7): 639 - 651.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Cereb CortexHome page
Y. Stern, C. Habeck, J. Moeller, N. Scarmeas, K. E. Anderson, H. J. Hilton, J. Flynn, H. Sackeim, and R. van Heertum
Brain Networks Associated with Cognitive Reserve in Healthy Young and Old Adults
Cereb Cortex, April 1, 2005; 15(4): 394 - 402.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Occup. Environ. Med.Home page
A Seidler, A Nienhaus, T Bernhardt, T Kauppinen, A-L Elo, and L Frolich
Psychosocial work factors and dementia
Occup. Environ. Med., December 1, 2004; 61(12): 962 - 971.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 JAMAHome page
R. D. Abbott, L. R. White, G. W. Ross, K. H. Masaki, J. D. Curb, and H. Petrovitch
Walking and Dementia in Physically Capable Elderly Men
JAMA, September 22, 2004; 292(12): 1447 - 1453.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 NeurologyHome page
J. S. Elkins, E. S. O'Meara, W. T. Longstreth Jr., M. C. Carlson, T. A. Manolio, and S. C. Johnston
Stroke risk factors and loss of high cognitive function
Neurology, September 14, 2004; 63(5): 793 - 799.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 NeurologyHome page
R. J. Caselli, E. M. Reiman, D. Osborne, J. G. Hentz, L. C. Baxter, J. L. Hernandez, and G. G. Alexander
Longitudinal changes in cognition and behavior in asymptomatic carriers of the APOE e4 allele
Neurology, June 8, 2004; 62(11): 1990 - 1995.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Arch NeurolHome page
N. Scarmeas, E. Zarahn, K. E. Anderson, L. S. Honig, A. Park, J. Hilton, J. Flynn, H. A. Sackeim, and Y. Stern
Cognitive Reserve-Mediated Modulation of Positron Emission Tomographic Activations During Memory Tasks in Alzheimer Disease
Arch Neurol, January 1, 2004; 61(1): 73 - 78.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 NeurologyHome page
R.S. Wilson, D.A. Bennett, J.L. Bienias, C.F. Mendes de Leon, M.C. Morris, and D.A. Evans
Cognitive activity and cognitive decline in a biracial community population
Neurology, September 23, 2003; 61(6): 812 - 816.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social ScienceHome page
M. Crowe, R. Andel, N. L. Pedersen, B. Johansson, and M. Gatz
Does Participation in Leisure Activities Lead to Reduced Risk of Alzheimer's Disease? A Prospective Study of Swedish Twins
J. Gerontol. B. Psychol. Sci. Soc. Sci., September 1, 2003; 58(5): P249 - 255.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 NEJMHome page
J. Verghese, R. B. Lipton, M. J. Katz, C. B. Hall, C. A. Derby, G. Kuslansky, A. F. Ambrose, M. Sliwinski, and H. Buschke
Leisure Activities and the Risk of Dementia in the Elderly
N. Engl. J. Med., June 19, 2003; 348(25): 2508 - 2516.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social ScienceHome page
V. H. Menec
The Relation Between Everyday Activities and Successful Aging: A 6-Year Longitudinal Study
J. Gerontol. B. Psychol. Sci. Soc. Sci., March 1, 2003; 58(2): S74 - 82.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Arch NeurolHome page
N. Scarmeas, E. Zarahn, K. E. Anderson, C. G. Habeck, J. Hilton, J. Flynn, K. S. Marder, K. L. Bell, H. A. Sackeim, R. L. Van Heertum, et al.
Association of Life Activities With Cerebral Blood Flow in Alzheimer Disease: Implications for the Cognitive Reserve Hypothesis
Arch Neurol, March 1, 2003; 60(3): 359 - 365.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 NeurologyHome page
R.S. Wilson, D.A. Bennett, J.L. Bienias, N.T. Aggarwal, C.F. Mendes de Leon, M.C. Morris, J.A. Schneider, and D.A. Evans
Cognitive activity and incident AD in a population-based sample of older persons
Neurology, December 24, 2002; 59(12): 1910 - 1914.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 JAMAHome page
K. Ball, D. B. Berch, K. F. Helmers, J. B. Jobe, M. D. Leveck, M. Marsiske, J. N. Morris, G. W. Rebok, D. M. Smith, S. L. Tennstedt, et al.
Effects of Cognitive Training Interventions With Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial
JAMA, November 13, 2002; 288(18): 2271 - 2281.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 NeurologyHome page
D. A. Bennett, R. S. Wilson, J. A. Schneider, D. A. Evans, L. A. Beckett, N. T. Aggarwal, L. L. Barnes, J. H. Fox, and J. Bach
Natural history of mild cognitive impairment in older persons
Neurology, July 23, 2002; 59(2): 198 - 205.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
Copyright © 2001 by AAN Enterprises, Inc.