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Managing the neuropsychiatric symptoms of Parkinson's disease

From the Muhammad Ali Parkinson Research Center at Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ.

Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Abraham Lieberman, Muhammad Ali Parkinson Research Center at Barrow Neurological Institute, 222 West Thomas Road, Suite 401, Phoenix, AZ 85103.

Abstract.

Neuropsychiatric symptoms frequently complicate the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). Approximately 27% of PD patients are demented, and approximately 19% are cognitively impaired without being demented. These 46% of patients are prone to development of delirium when they take antiparkinsonian drugs. Approximately 40% of PD patients are depressed. The depression may be endogenous or exogenous, apathetic or agitated. Approximately 40% of PD patients are anxious or have panic attacks. The attacks may or may not be associated with depression. This article reviews the diagnosis of these symptoms and discusses their management.