Neurology
HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced]


     

This Article
Right arrow Correspondence:
Submit a response
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me when Correspondence are posted
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Right arrow Citation Map
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrow reprints & permissions
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by DeCarli, C.
Right arrow Articles by Rapoport, S. I.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by DeCarli, C.
Right arrow Articles by Rapoport, S. I.

Neurology, Vol 45, Issue 11 2077-2084, Copyright © 1995 by American Academy of Neurology

ARTICLES

The effect of white matter hyperintensity volume on brain structure, cognitive performance, and cerebral metabolism of glucose in 51 healthy adults

C DeCarli, DG Murphy, M Tranh, CL Grady, JV Haxby, JA Gillette, JA Salerno, A Gonzales-Aviles, B Horwitz and SI Rapoport
Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the association of MRI white matter hyperintensities (WMHI) with cognitive performance, cerebral structure, and cerebral metabolism in 51 healthy individuals aged 19 to 91 years without cerebrovascular risk factors. BACKGROUND: Abnormal white matter signals have been associated with brain atrophy, reduced cerebral blood flow, focal neurologic signs, gait disorder, and poorer neuropsychological test performance. Most studies of WMHI, however, include subjects with hypertension or other identifiable causes of cerebrovascular disease that may have an independent effect on brain structure and function. To assess brain changes associated with WMHI independent of cerebrovascular risk factors, we determined WMHI volume, brain volume, cerebral metabolism, and cognitive performance for a group of subjects free of medical illness. Regional cerebral metabolism and cognitive domains were also assessed to evaluate the possible role of frontal lobe dysfunction in subjects with WMHI. DESIGN: Cross- sectional study of 51 very healthy subjects aged 19 to 91 years. METHODS: WMHI, brain, and CSF volumes were determined by MRI segmentation. Neuropsychological tests were employed to assess multiple cognitive domains. Brain metabolism was determined from 18-fluoro-2- deoxy-D-glucose PET. Multivariate relations were tested with stepwise linear regression. Models included the potential confounders of age and education where appropriate. RESULTS: The distribution of WMHI volume was bimodal, with five subjects having WMHI volumes beyond three SDs from the normally distributed population. A WMHI volume of greater than 0.5% of intracranial volume was considered abnormal. Within the multivariate models, WMHI volumes were significantly predictive of increased ventricular volume, reduced brain volume, and reduced cognitive scores. Subjects with greater than 0.5% WMHI volume also had significantly lower frontal lobe metabolism, significantly higher systolic blood pressure, significantly larger ventricular volume, and significantly lower scores on frontal lobe-mediated neuropsychological tests than age-matched controls. CONCLUSION: WMHI volume is associated with structural and functional brain changes even within a group of very healthy individuals. WMHI is associated with poorer frontal lobe cognitive function and, when severe, is accompanied by significantly reduced frontal lobe metabolism. Subjects with large WMHI volumes have significantly higher systolic blood pressure, brain atrophy, reduced cerebral metabolism, and lower scores on tests of frontal lobe function than age-matched controls. Large amounts of WMHI are, therefore, pathologic and may be related to elevated systolic blood pressure even when it is within the normal age-related range.


This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 Arch NeurolHome page
E. D. Louis, A. M. Brickman, C. DeCarli, S. A. Small, K. Marder, N. Schupf, and T. R. Brown
Quantitative Brain Measurements in Community-Dwelling Elderly Persons With Mild Parkinsonian Signs
Arch Neurol, December 1, 2008; 65(12): 1649 - 1654.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Arch NeurolHome page
A. M. Brickman, N. Schupf, J. J. Manly, J. A. Luchsinger, H. Andrews, M. X. Tang, C. Reitz, S. A. Small, R. Mayeux, C. DeCarli, et al.
Brain Morphology in Older African Americans, Caribbean Hispanics, and Whites From Northern Manhattan
Arch Neurol, August 1, 2008; 65(8): 1053 - 1061.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 NeurologyHome page
L. C. Silbert, C. Nelson, D. B. Howieson, M. M. Moore, and J. A. Kaye
Impact of white matter hyperintensity volume progression on rate of cognitive and motor decline
Neurology, July 8, 2008; 71(2): 108 - 113.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 StrokeHome page
N. Levy-Cooperman, J. Ramirez, N. J. Lobaugh, and S. E. Black
Misclassified Tissue Volumes in Alzheimer Disease Patients With White Matter Hyperintensities: Importance of Lesion Segmentation Procedures for Volumetric Analysis
Stroke, April 1, 2008; 39(4): 1134 - 1141.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Soc Cogn Affect NeurosciHome page
T. M. C. Lee, A. W. S. Leung, P. T. Fox, J.-H. Gao, and C. C. H. Chan
Age-related differences in neural activities during risk taking as revealed by functional MRI
Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci, March 1, 2008; 3(1): 7 - 15.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 StrokeHome page
C. B. Wright, J. R. Festa, M. C. Paik, A. Schmiedigen, T. R. Brown, M. Yoshita, C. DeCarli, R. Sacco, and Y. Stern
White Matter Hyperintensities and Subclinical Infarction: Associations With Psychomotor Speed and Cognitive Flexibility
Stroke, March 1, 2008; 39(3): 800 - 805.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 StrokeHome page
R. H. Swartz, D. T. Stuss, F. Gao, and S. E. Black
Independent Cognitive Effects of Atrophy and Diffuse Subcortical and Thalamico-Cortical Cerebrovascular Disease in Dementia
Stroke, March 1, 2008; 39(3): 822 - 830.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 StrokeHome page
M. Khatri, C. B. Wright, T. L. Nickolas, M. Yoshita, M. C. Paik, G. Kranwinkel, R. L. Sacco, and C. DeCarli
Chronic Kidney Disease Is Associated With White Matter Hyperintensity Volume: The Northern Manhattan Study (NOMAS)
Stroke, December 1, 2007; 38(12): 3121 - 3126.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci.Home page
C. Rosano, H. J. Aizenstein, S. Studenski, and A. B. Newman
A Regions-of-Interest Volumetric Analysis of Mobility Limitations in Community-Dwelling Older Adults
J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., September 1, 2007; 62(9): 1048 - 1055.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 BrainHome page
D. Hessl, S. Rivera, K. Koldewyn, L. Cordeiro, J. Adams, F. Tassone, P. J. Hagerman, and R. J. Hagerman
Amygdala dysfunction in men with the fragile X premutation
Brain, February 1, 2007; 130(2): 404 - 416.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 HypertensionHome page
S. Castellani, M. Bacci, A. Ungar, P. Prati, C. Di Serio, P. Geppetti, G. Masotti, G. G. Neri Serneri, and G. F. Gensini
Abnormal Pressure Passive Dilatation of Cerebral Arterioles in the Elderly With Isolated Systolic Hypertension
Hypertension, December 1, 2006; 48(6): 1143 - 1150.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Arch NeurolHome page
R. Au, J. M. Massaro, P. A. Wolf, M. E. Young, A. Beiser, S. Seshadri, R. B. D'Agostino, and C. DeCarli
Association of White Matter Hyperintensity Volume With Decreased Cognitive Functioning: The Framingham Heart Study
Arch Neurol, February 1, 2006; 63(2): 246 - 250.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 StrokeHome page
A. L. DeStefano, L. D. Atwood, J. M. Massaro, N. Heard-Costa, A. Beiser, R. Au, P. A. Wolf, and C. DeCarli
Genome-Wide Scan for White Matter Hyperintensity: The Framingham Heart Study
Stroke, January 1, 2006; 37(1): 77 - 81.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 StrokeHome page
C. Bocti, R. H. Swartz, F.-Q. Gao, D. J. Sahlas, P. Behl, and S. E. Black
A New Visual Rating Scale to Assess Strategic White Matter Hyperintensities Within Cholinergic Pathways in Dementia
Stroke, October 1, 2005; 36(10): 2126 - 2131.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurol. Neurosurg. PsychiatryHome page
H Jokinen, H Kalska, R Mantyla, R Ylikoski, M Hietanen, T Pohjasvaara, M Kaste, and T Erkinjuntti
White matter hyperintensities as a predictor of neuropsychological deficits post-stroke
J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, September 1, 2005; 76(9): 1229 - 1233.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 NeurologyHome page
D. A. Drachman
Do we have brain to spare?
Neurology, June 28, 2005; 64(12): 2004 - 2005.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 NeurologyHome page
I. B. Goldstein, G. Bartzokis, D. Guthrie, and D. Shapiro
Ambulatory blood pressure and the brain: A 5-year follow-up
Neurology, June 14, 2005; 64(11): 1846 - 1852.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 StrokeHome page
C. B. Wright, M. C. Paik, T. R. Brown, S. P. Stabler, R. H. Allen, R. L. Sacco, and C. DeCarli
Total Homocysteine Is Associated With White Matter Hyperintensity Volume: The Northern Manhattan Study
Stroke, June 1, 2005; 36(6): 1207 - 1211.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 StrokeHome page
C. DeCarli, E. Fletcher, V. Ramey, D. Harvey, and W. J. Jagust
Anatomical Mapping of White Matter Hyperintensities (WMH): Exploring the Relationships Between Periventricular WMH, Deep WMH, and Total WMH Burden
Stroke, January 1, 2005; 36(1): 50 - 55.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 StrokeHome page
V. K. Gupta, C. DeCarli, L. D. Atwood, and P. A. Wolf
White Matter Hyperintensities: Pearls and Pitfalls in Interpretation of MRI Abnormalities * Response:
Stroke, December 1, 2004; 35(12): 2756 - 2757.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 NeurologyHome page
R. M. Wiseman, B. K. Saxby, E. J. Burton, R. Barber, G. A. Ford, and J. T. O'Brien
Hippocampal atrophy, whole brain volume, and white matter lesions in older hypertensive subjects
Neurology, November 23, 2004; 63(10): 1892 - 1897.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 NeurologyHome page
S. Seshadri, P. A. Wolf, A. Beiser, M. F. Elias, R. Au, C. S. Kase, R. B. D'Agostino, and C. DeCarli
Stroke risk profile, brain volume, and cognitive function: The Framingham Offspring Study
Neurology, November 9, 2004; 63(9): 1591 - 1599.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 StrokeHome page
T. Jeerakathil, P. A. Wolf, A. Beiser, J. K. Hald, R. Au, C. S. Kase, J. M. Massaro, and C. DeCarli
Cerebral Microbleeds: Prevalence and Associations With Cardiovascular Risk Factors in the Framingham Study
Stroke, August 1, 2004; 35(8): 1831 - 1835.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 StrokeHome page
H. M. Wen, V. C.T. Mok, Y. H. Fan, W. W.M. Lam, W. K. Tang, A. Wong, R. X. Huang, and K. S. Wong
Effect of White Matter Changes on Cognitive Impairment in Patients With Lacunar Infarcts
Stroke, August 1, 2004; 35(8): 1826 - 1830.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 StrokeHome page
T. Jeerakathil, P. A. Wolf, A. Beiser, J. Massaro, S. Seshadri, R. B. D'Agostino, and C. DeCarli
Stroke Risk Profile Predicts White Matter Hyperintensity Volume: The Framingham Study
Stroke, August 1, 2004; 35(8): 1857 - 1861.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 NeurologyHome page
C. DeCarli, D. Mungas, D. Harvey, B. Reed, M. Weiner, H. Chui, and W. Jagust
Memory impairment, but not cerebrovascular disease, predicts progression of MCI to dementia
Neurology, July 27, 2004; 63(2): 220 - 227.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 NeurologyHome page
M. Tullberg, E. Fletcher, C. DeCarli, D. Mungas, B. R. Reed, D. J. Harvey, M. W. Weiner, H. C. Chui, and W. J. Jagust
White matter lesions impair frontal lobe function regardless of their location
Neurology, July 27, 2004; 63(2): 246 - 253.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurol. Neurosurg. PsychiatryHome page
R A Kenny, F E Shaw, J T O'Brien, P H Scheltens, R Kalaria, and C Ballard
Carotid sinus syndrome is common in dementia with Lewy bodies and correlates with deep white matter lesions
J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, July 1, 2004; 75(7): 966 - 971.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 StrokeHome page
L. D. Atwood, P. A. Wolf, N. L. Heard-Costa, J. M. Massaro, A. Beiser, R. B. D'Agostino, and C. DeCarli
Genetic Variation in White Matter Hyperintensity Volume in the Framingham Study
Stroke, July 1, 2004; 35(7): 1609 - 1613.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurol. Neurosurg. PsychiatryHome page
A A Capizzano, L Acion, T Bekinschtein, M Furman, H Gomila, A Martinez, R Mizrahi, and S E Starkstein
White matter hyperintensities are significantly associated with cortical atrophy in Alzheimer's disease
J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, June 1, 2004; 75(6): 822 - 827.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 StrokeHome page
E. J. Burton, R. A. Kenny, J. O'Brien, S. Stephens, M. Bradbury, E. Rowan, R. Kalaria, M. Firbank, K. Wesnes, and C. Ballard
White Matter Hyperintensities Are Associated With Impairment of Memory, Attention, and Global Cognitive Performance in Older Stroke Patients
Stroke, June 1, 2004; 35(6): 1270 - 1275.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 NeurologyHome page
N. D. Prins, E. C.W. van Straaten, E. J. van Dijk, M. Simoni, R. A. van Schijndel, H. A. Vrooman, P. J. Koudstaal, P. Scheltens, M. M.B. Breteler, and F. Barkhof
Measuring progression of cerebral white matter lesions on MRI: Visual rating and volumetrics
Neurology, May 11, 2004; 62(9): 1533 - 1539.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Cereb CortexHome page
D. Head, R. L. Buckner, J. S. Shimony, L. E. Williams, E. Akbudak, T. E. Conturo, M. McAvoy, J. C. Morris, and A. Z. Snyder
Differential Vulnerability of Anterior White Matter in Nondemented Aging with Minimal Acceleration in Dementia of the Alzheimer Type: Evidence from Diffusion Tensor Imaging
Cereb Cortex, April 1, 2004; 14(4): 410 - 423.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neuropsychiatry Clin. Neurosi.Home page
P. Sachdev, W. Wen, R. Shnier, and H. Brodaty
Cerebral Blood Volume in T2-Weighted White Matter Hyperintensities Using Exogenous Contrast Based Perfusion MRI
J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci, February 1, 2004; 16(1): 83 - 92.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 StrokeHome page
M. F. Elias, L. M. Sullivan, R. B. D'Agostino, P. K. Elias, A. Beiser, R. Au, S. Seshadri, C. DeCarli, and P. A. Wolf
Framingham Stroke Risk Profile and Lowered Cognitive Performance
Stroke, February 1, 2004; 35(2): 404 - 409.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurol. Neurosurg. PsychiatryHome page
G B Frisoni, P h Scheltens, S Galluzzi, F M Nobili, N C Fox, P H Robert, H Soininen, L-O Wahlund, G Waldemar, and E Salmon
Neuroimaging tools to rate regional atrophy, subcortical cerebrovascular disease, and regional cerebral blood flow and metabolism: consensus paper of the EADC
J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, October 1, 2003; 74(10): 1371 - 1381.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 StrokeHome page
J.V. Bowler
Editorial Comment--The Progression of Leukoaraiosis
Stroke, August 1, 2003; 34(8): 1916 - 1917.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 RadiologyHome page
M. Rovaris, G. Iannucci, M. Cercignani, M. P. Sormani, N. De Stefano, S. Gerevini, G. Comi, and M. Filippi
Age-related Changes in Conventional, Magnetization Transfer, and Diffusion-Tensor MR Imaging Findings: Study with Whole-Brain Tissue Histogram Analysis
Radiology, June 1, 2003; 227(3): 731 - 738.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 NeurologyHome page
C. Dufouil, A. Alperovitch, and C. Tzourio
Influence of education on the relationship between white matter lesions and cognition
Neurology, March 11, 2003; 60(5): 831 - 836.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 RadiologyHome page
J. R. Petrella, R. E. Coleman, and P. M. Doraiswamy
Neuroimaging and Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer Disease: A Look to the Future
Radiology, February 1, 2003; 226(2): 315 - 336.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 NeurologyHome page
C. C. Wu, D. Mungas, C. I. Petkov, J. L. Eberling, P. A. Zrelak, M. H. Buonocore, J. A. Brunberg, M. N. Haan, and W. J. Jagust
Brain structure and cognition in a community sample of elderly Latinos
Neurology, August 13, 2002; 59(3): 383 - 391.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurol. Neurosurg. PsychiatryHome page
H Koga, T Yuzuriha, H Yao, K Endo, S Hiejima, Y Takashima, F Sadanaga, T Matsumoto, A Uchino, K Ogomori, et al.
Quantitative MRI findings and cognitive impairment among community dwelling elderly subjects
J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, June 1, 2002; 72(6): 737 - 741.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 NeurologyHome page
White matter hyperintensities and neuropsychological outcome following carbon monoxide poisoning
Neurology, May 28, 2002; 58(10): 1525 - 1532.


Home page
 Cereb CortexHome page
J. C.W. Brooks, N. Roberts, G. J. Kemp, M. A. Gosney, M. Lye, and G. H. Whitehouse
A Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study of Age-related Changes in Frontal Lobe Metabolite Concentrations
Cereb Cortex, July 1, 2001; 11(7): 598 - 605.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 NeurologyHome page
J.C. de Groot, F.-E. de Leeuw, M. Oudkerk, A. Hofman, J. Jolles, and M.M.B. Breteler
Cerebral white matter lesions and subjective cognitive dysfunction: The Rotterdam Scan Study
Neurology, June 12, 2001; 56(11): 1539 - 1545.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Br. J. PsychiatryHome page
I. N. FERRIER, I. C. MacMILLAN, and A. H. YOUNG
The search for the wandering thymostat: a review of some developments in bipolar disorder research
The British Journal of Psychiatry, June 1, 2001; 178 (41): s103 - s106.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neuropsychiatry Clin. Neurosi.Home page
J. J. Campbell III and C. E. Coffey
Neuropsychiatric Significance of Subcortical Hyperintensity
J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci, May 1, 2001; 13(2): 261 - 288.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Arch NeurolHome page
C. DeCarli, B. L. Miller, G. E. Swan, T. Reed, P. A. Wolf, and D. Carmelli
Cerebrovascular and Brain Morphologic Correlates of Mild Cognitive Impairment in the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Twin Study
Arch Neurol, April 1, 2001; 58(4): 643 - 647.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 StrokeHome page
N. Hirono, H. Kitagaki, H. Kazui, M. Hashimoto, and E. Mori
Impact of White Matter Changes on Clinical Manifestation of Alzheimer's Disease : A Quantitative Study
Stroke, September 1, 2000; 31(9): 2182 - 2188.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 NeurologyHome page
C. R. Jack Jr., R. C. Petersen, Y. Xu, P. C. O'Brien, G. E. Smith, R. J. Ivnik, B. F. Boeve, E. G. Tangalos, and E. Kokmen
Rates of hippocampal atrophy correlate with change in clinical status in aging and AD
Neurology, August 22, 2000; 55(4): 484 - 490.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 NeurologyHome page
G. E. Swan, C. DeCarli, B. L. Miller, T. Reed, P. A. Wolf, and D. Carmelli
Biobehavioral characteristics of nondemented older adults with subclinical brain atrophy
Neurology, June 13, 2000; 54(11): 2108 - 2114.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 NeurologyHome page
C. D. Smith, D. A. Snowdon, H. Wang, and W. R. Markesbery
White matter volumes and periventricular white matter hyperintensities in aging and dementia
Neurology, February 22, 2000; 54(4): 838 - 842.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 StrokeHome page
C. DeCarli, T. Reed, B. L. Miller, P. A. Wolf, G. E. Swan, and D. Carmelli
Impact of Apolipoprotein E {epsilon}4 and Vascular Disease on Brain Morphology in Men From the NHLBI Twin Study
Stroke, August 1, 1999; 30(8): 1548 - 1553.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurol. Neurosurg. PsychiatryHome page
R Barber, P Scheltens, A Gholkar, C Ballard, I McKeith, P Ince, R Perry, and J O'Brien
White matter lesions on magnetic resonance imaging in dementia with Lewy bodies, Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, and normal aging
J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, July 1, 1999; 67(1): 66 - 72.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

Home page
 Arch NeurolHome page
L. T. Kwan, B. R. Reed, J. L. Eberling, N. Schuff, J. Tanabe, D. Norman, M. W. Weiner, and W. J. Jagust
Effects of Subcortical Cerebral Infarction on Cortical Glucose Metabolism and Cognitive Function
Arch Neurol, July 1, 1999; 56(7): 809 - 814.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 NeurologyHome page
D. Carmelli, G. E. Swan, T. Reed, P. A. Wolf, B. L. Miller, and C. DeCarli
Midlife cardiovascular risk factors and brain morphology in identical older male twins
Neurology, April 1, 1999; 52(6): 1119 - 1119.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 NeurologyHome page
C. R. Jack Jr., R. C. Petersen, Y. C. Xu, P. C. O'Brien, G. E. Smith, R. J. Ivnik, B. F. Boeve, S. C. Waring, E. G. Tangalos, and E. Kokmen
Prediction of AD with MRI-based hippocampal volume in mild cognitive impairment
Neurology, April 1, 1999; 52(7): 1397 - 1397.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Arch NeurolHome page
D. H. Salat, J. A. Kaye, and J. S. Janowsky
Prefrontal Gray and White Matter Volumes in Healthy Aging and Alzheimer Disease
Arch Neurol, March 1, 1999; 56(3): 338 - 344.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]