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Topography of scalp potentials preceding self-initiated saccades

Departments of Neurology and Ophthalmology (Dr. Moster) and Physiology and Physiatry (Dr. Goldberg), Temple University School of Medicine, and the Electrodiagnostic Center, Moss Rehabilitation Hospital, Philadelphia, PA.

We studied 3 scalp potentials recorded prior to saccades in relation to visual targets (the presaccadic negativity [PSN], presaccadic positivity [PSP], and spike potential [SP]) in normal subjects performing self-initiated saccades in darkness. There was a prominent PSN beginning at –800 msec, maximal at the vertex. This finding is consistent with activation of the supplementary eye field in the anterior mesial frontal cortex, a concept which correlates with cortical neuron recordings in monkeys and cerebral blood flow studies in humans. A widespread PSP, with greatest amplitude over the posterior scalp, suggests parieto-occipital participation even in the absence of visual targets. The sharp character of SP with focal lateralized frontal negativity, its "mirror image" scalp distribution when comparing leftward to rightward saccades, and its timing near the onset of saccades support an origin near the orbit, in either ocular motor nerves or muscles.

Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Mark L. Moster, Department of Neurology, Temple University School of Medicine, 3401 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140.

Supported by Biomedical Research Support grant #S07 RR 05417 from the division of research resources, NIH, an institutional grant from Moss Rehabilitation Hospital, and a grant from the Albert Einstein Society (Philadelphia).

Presented in part at the 40th annual meeting of the American Academy of Neurology, Cincinnati, OH, April 1988.

Received November 10, 1988. Accepted for publication in final form September 7, 1989.

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